Fernando Lessa

Field notes

Field Notes — Arrombado do Taquari, Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Field Notes — Western Pantanal wetlands, Brazil

May 1, 2026

Freshwater stingray resting on the sandy riverbed
A freshwater stingray waiting for a meal.

The Arrombado do Taquari is what happens when a river breaks its own banks and doesn't look back. Decades of upstream land use overloaded the Rio Taquari with sediment until it had nowhere left to go — so it redirected itself into the floodplain, permanently flooding farms and reshaping everything in its path. The ranches are gone. What remains is one of the largest continuous wetland stretches in Brazil, and one of the least documented.

Aerial view of winding waterways and vegetation in the western Pantanal
The amazing gardens of the western Pantanal.

The Guató people navigated these channels long before the breach. Pantaneiro families are still adapting to what it left behind. That relationship — between the people and the water — is inseparable from why this place still functions the way it does.

Freshwater stingray and underwater plants in the clear Pantanal water
Some new friends.
Apistogramma cichlid swimming among aquatic plants
An Apistograma, a very popular species in the aquarium trade.

What the rupture created, unintentionally, is extraordinary: a corridor connecting the main river to spawning grounds far upstream, where fish concentrate in massive numbers during migration. The water is exceptional clarity. During the dry season, that clarity holds long enough to see everything.

Expedition team on a boat at sunset in the Pantanal
End of the day.
Large shovelnose catfish swimming over the riverbed
A large Shovel Nose catfish.

It was there — for the first time in this region — that we entered the water with a freediver. No scuba noise, no disturbance. Just visibility, and patience. What followed were encounters with species interactions that had never been recorded before: predators moving through underwater gardens, spawning aggregations working the corridor, behaviours that turbid river systems normally swallow whole.

Underwater filmmaker using a rebreather in the Pantanal
Rebreather dives in the Pantanal. Picture by Marcelo Krause.
Person preparing oxygen cylinders for diving
Sourcing O2.

The Arrombado do Taquari is systemically critical to the Pantanal — a keystone stretch for fish populations that sustain both the ecology of the wetland and the communities that depend on it. And yet it remains largely unknown, sitting just outside the edge of the scientific record.

School of golden dourado swimming in clear water
A school of Golden dourados.
Filmmaker in diving gear getting ready to enter the water
Getting ready for another dive.

This is the second chapter of an independent, long-term project to document the regions, rivers, and species of Brazil that have rarely or never been photographed before. The first was a blind catfish in a cave in São Paulo. This one is open water, clear light, and giants moving through grass.

Filmmaker preparing equipment in the Pantanal wetlands at dawn
Early morning work in the wetlands.
Hand holding a gourd of tereré next to underwater camera gear in a boat
Tereré is a typical dring in the Pantanal. Made from mate leaves, it's cold and refreshing and holds a strong cafeine punch.

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